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MAX

Tencent's MAX is a multimodal quadrupedal robot with leg-wheel hybrid mobility, advanced autonomous learning, and dynamic agility for patrol, rescue, and inspection.
Software Type
Closed Source
Software Package
Proprietary model-predictive control algorithms combining offline and online planning. Autonomous learning modules for gait adaptation. Real-time SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) capabilities.
Actuators
Three electric actuators per leg enabling precise control of each leg joint plus integrated wheels on leg joints.
Compiute
High-frequency, low-latency computation platform developed in-house by Tencent Robotics X Lab for real-time control and perception.
Sensors
Forward-facing camera(s) for visual perception. Joint torque sensors for touchdown detection. Terrain recognition sensors enabling centimeter-level accuracy.
Max Op. time
mins

Robot Brief

MAX is Tencent Robotics X Lab’s advanced fifth-generation quadrupedal robot launched in 2021 and further optimized in 2022. It features a hybrid leg-wheel design allowing it to walk, run, jump, climb obstacles like a dog, and glide quickly on flat surfaces using wheels embedded in the leg joints. MAX can perform dynamic actions such as backward somersaults, balancing on two legs, and rapid turning. Equipped with Tencent’s proprietary real-time high-frequency, low-latency "keen nervous system" software, it achieves sub-millisecond control for fluid, precise movement and minimal lag. The robot includes terrain recognition, visual positioning, and advanced navigation capabilities enabling it to autonomously map complex environments and adapt gait intelligently, making it suitable for patrol, security, rescue, and inspection tasks.

Use Cases

    • Leg-Wheel Hybrid Locomotion: Walks, runs, jumps, climbs over obstacles, and glides on wheels for fast travel on smooth terrain.
    • Advanced Maneuvers: Performs backward somersaults, can stand on two legs, balances dynamically, and self-recovers after falls.
    • Real-Time Terrain Recognition: Identifies surfaces and builds detailed maps for precise maneuvering on uneven or pile-built ground.
    • Touchdown Detection: Uses joint torque feedback to accurately sense paw contact during dynamic motions (e.g., jumping, somersaults).
    • Autonomous Learning: Learns and refines smart gaits within hours through onboard autonomous learning algorithms.
    • Robust Control Algorithms: Implements model-predictive control combining offline trajectory planning with real-time motion adjustments for smooth translation and rotation.

Industries

  • Security & Patrol: Autonomous monitoring roles in both indoor and outdoor environments.
  • Search & Rescue: Capable of traversing debris and complex terrain for emergency response.
  • Inspection & Maintenance: Navigates industrial sites for inspection with high precision.
  • Research & Development: Platform for advancing robotics control, perception, and autonomy.

Specifications

Length
-
mm
Width
-
mm
Height (ResT)
-
mm
Height (Stand)
-
mm
Height (Min)
mm
Height (Max)
mm
Weight (With Batt.)
-
14
kg
Weight (NO Batt.)
-
kg
Max Step Height
-
mm
Max Slope
+/-
-
°
Op. Temp (min)
-
°C
Op. Temp (Max)
-
°C
Ingress Rating
-
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Intro

MAX is a compact (14 kg) quadruped robot featuring 3 actuators per leg (total 12 DOF), integrating wheels within the leg joints to enable mode switching between walking and rolling. Its real-time visual and terrain perception use on-board cameras and sensors enabling mapping and obstacle detection with high accuracy. The frame and electronics have undergone multiple structural and electrical optimizations from the 2021 to 2022 iterations, improving dynamic stability during jumps, somersaults, and balance-intensive actions. MAX is controlled by Tencent's proprietary software stack providing sub-millisecond response times and seamless integration of motion planning and perception.

Connectivity

  • Integrated real-time positioning and mapping sensors including RGB cameras and possibly LiDAR.
  • Low-latency onboard computation with proprietary debugging and control frameworks.
  • Wireless communication for remote operation and data relay

Capabilities

  • Multimodal Mobility: Effortlessly switches between wheeled rolling and legged walking modes.
  • Dynamic Acrobatics: Successfully completes flips, jumps up to 50 cm, and autonomous recovery maneuvers.
  • Precision Terrain Mapping: Real-time dense mapping with positioning error under 1%, terrain recognition accuracy within 2 cm.
  • Autonomous Gait Learning: Learns and adapts efficient gaits in changing environments in a few hours.
  • High-Frequency Control: Sub-millisecond latency control system minimizes lag and maximizes agility.
  • Touchdown Feedback: Accurate detection of contact during complex dynamic movements enhances stability and control.